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What is a jaw crusher and how does it work?

A jaw crusher is a type of rock crushing equipment used primarily in mining and construction for reducing the size of large rocks or ore. Its basic function is to take large materials and crush them down into smaller, more manageable pieces. Here's a breakdown of what a jaw crusher is and how it works:

Components:

  1. Fixed Jaw: This is a stationary piece of the crusher, usually mounted in a "V" alignment.
  2. Movable Jaw: The movable jaw is hinged at the top which allows it to move towards the fixed jaw.
  3. Jaw Plates: Both the fixed and movable jaws are lined with jaw plates, which are the actual surfaces that perform the crushing.
  4. Pitman: The pitman is the main moving part in a jaw crusher that pushes the movable jaw to apply force.
  5. Toggle Plate: This component acts as a safety mechanism for the entire jaw crusher. If uncrushable material enters the crusher, the toggle plate will break, preventing damage to the rest of the machine.
  6. Flywheel: Provides the energy needed to crush the material by storing energy when the jaw is idle and releasing it when resistance is met.
  7. Eccentric Shaft: The eccentric shaft drives the movable jaw's oscillation.

How It Works:

  • Material is fed into the top of the jaw crusher and is compressed between the two jaws.
  • The movable jaw moves back and forth against the fixed jaw using the mechanism driven by the eccentric shaft, crushing the material in the process.
  • The crushed material is discharged from the bottom opening of the crusher.
  • This action continues in a cyclical manner, ensuring continuous material flow and crushing.

Crushing Process:

  1. Feeding - Raw material is fed into the crushing chamber.
  2. Crushing - The movable jaw compresses the material against the fixed jaw.
  3. Discharge - Crushed material exits through the bottom opening, also known as the discharge opening.
  4. Cycle - The cycle repeats until the material is crushed to the desired size.

Applications:

  • Jaw crushers are widely used in various industries like mining, construction, demolition, and recycling due to their robust structure, simplicity, and efficiency.
  • They're particularly effective for the first stage of crushing, where large, hard materials need to be reduced to a size that can then be processed by other machinery or further refined.

Jaw crushers are preferred for their ability to handle very hard and abrasive materials, delivering a high output rate even with tough materials like granite or ores.

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